Methods, apparatus, and systems for documenting and reporting events via time-elapsed geo-referenced electronic drawings

ABSTRACT

One or more electronic drawings may be generated to document and/or report an event, in which various elements of the drawing(s) include geographic reference information. A symbols library, a collection of images (e.g., geo-referenced images), geo-location data, and time and location data may be stored in memory for use in connection with such drawings, and a drawing tool graphical user interface (GUI) may be provided for electronically marking-up images on which one or more drawings are based. The marked-up images may be event-specific images, and may be integrated into various types of electronic reports for accurately depicting events of interest, such as personal injury events, vehicle accidents, and/or property damage events.

CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims a priority benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/166,385, entitled “Geo-Referenced Electronic Drawing Application for Documenting and Reporting Events,” filed on Apr. 3, 2009 under attorney docket no. D0687.70030US00.

This application also claims a priority benefit, under 35 U.S.C. §119(e), to U.S. provisional patent application Ser. No. 61/166,392, entitled “Data Acquisition System for and Method of Analyzing Vehicle Data for Generating an Electronic Representation of Vehicle Operations,” filed on Apr. 3, 2009 under attorney docket no. D0687.70032US00.

Each the above-identified applications is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

In any business setting, incidents that are not part of the standard business practice may take place and cause interruption to the business operation. Such incidents can potentially reduce the quality of the services or products of the business, and sometimes may impose civil or even criminal liabilities on the business. For any given business, the particular types of incidents that are disruptive may depend on the nature of the business. For example, in field service applications incidents to be reported may include personal injury events, vehicle accidents, and/or any types of property damage events that may occur in the field, and the like.

Currently, systems have been implemented for reporting and managing certain incidents. Using the example of vehicle accidents, upon arrival at the scene of a vehicle accident, a police officer or other investigator usually fills out a paper accident report explaining in detail the accident scene. As part of this report, the police officer or other investigator may attempt to draw a sketch of the accident scene on a diagram of the road, which is to be submitted with the paper accident report. However, a drawback of these paper-based reports, which may be handwritten and may include hand sketches, is that the content thereof may be inconsistent, sloppy, illegible, inaccurate, and/or incomplete. As a result, incidents, such as vehicle accidents, may be poorly documented. Once created, the accident reports are distributed to responsible entities for review, such as to accident investigation companies, law enforcement agencies, insurance companies, and any supervisory and/or management personnel. Similar processes may exist with respect to handling personal injury reports and property damage reports.

SUMMARY

Applicants have recognized and appreciated that in conventional reporting systems, a major issue is the distribution of reports and tracking of the progress of the reviews to ensure timely resolution of the events. Depending on the types of events and other factors, different reports may have to be reviewed by different entities. The existence of multiple review routing paths can be rather confusing, making it difficult to ensure that the paper report is routed to the right entities in the right order. Moreover, paper reports may be misplaced or lost during transit to the different entities and the exact status of reports may be hard to determine. Further, a drawback of conventional reporting systems is that reports and, in particular paper reports, may not be in a form that is easy to retrieve for, for example, historical reference.

Another concern regarding conventional reporting systems is the lack of effective control over the access to the reports. Reports may contain sensitive or confidential information that should be viewed only by authorized entities. The necessary access control, however, can be difficult to implement or enforce due to the lack of effective measures to prevent unauthorized access to the documents or other factors such as distribution errors.

Therefore, Applicants have recognized that a need exists for improved ways of creating, distributing, and/or retrieving reports, such as, but not limited to, personal injury reports, vehicle accident reports, any types of damage reports, and the like.

In view of the foregoing, various embodiments of the present invention are directed to methods, apparatus, and systems for documenting events via time-elapsed geo-referenced electronic drawings. With respect to incidents, such as property damage and personal injury, that may be reported in field service applications, in exemplary embodiments one or more drawings may be provided that are referenced to a geographic location and/or that in some way indicate (to scale) the actual environment in which incidents have occurred. In various aspects, drawings may be provided to scale, include accurate directional and positional information, and/or include representations of various environmental landmarks (e.g., trees, buildings, poles, fire hydrants, barriers, any structures, etc). Examples of reports that may include one or more geo-referenced electronic drawings according to various inventive embodiments disclosed herein include, but are not limited to, personal injury reports, vehicle accident reports, and any types of damage reports.

In sum, one embodiment described herein is directed to an apparatus for documenting an incident at an incident site. The apparatus comprises a communication interface; a display device; at least one user input device; a memory to store processor-executable instructions; and a processing unit coupled to the communication interface, the display device, the at least one user input device, and the memory. Upon execution of the processor-executable instructions by the processing unit, the processing unit: controls the communication interface to electronically receive source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; controls the display device to display at least a portion of the at least one input image; acquires user input from the at least one user input device to provide a representation of at least a portion of the incident on the displayed image; automatically acquires time and/or date information indicating a time and/or date that the user input was acquired; generates a marked-up digital image including the representation of at least a portion of the incident based on the user input; further controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store information relating to the marked-up digital image so as to document the incident with respect to the geographic area; and further controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store the time and/or date information in association with the information relating to the marked-up digital image so as to document when the representation of the at least a portion of the incident was created.

Another embodiment is directed to a method for documenting an incident at an incident site. The method comprises: A) electronically receiving source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; B) processing the source data so as to display at least a portion of the at least one input image on a display device; C) adding to the at least a portion of the at least one input image, based on user input received via at least one user input device associated with the display device, a representation of at least a portion of the incident to thereby generate a marked-up digital image; D) automatically acquiring time and/or date information indicating a time and/or date that the user input was acquired; E) electronically transmitting and/or electronically storing information relating to the marked-up digital image so as to document the incident with respect to the geographic area; and F) electronically transmitting and/or electronically storing the time and/or date information in association with the information relating to the marked-up digital image so as to document when the representation of the at least a portion of the incident was created.

A further embodiment is directed to at least one computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed on at least one processing unit, perform a method for documenting an incident at an incident site. The method comprises: A) electronically receiving source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; B) processing the source data so as to display at least a portion of the at least one input image on a display device; C) receiving user input via at least one user input device associated with the display device; D) automatically acquiring time and/or date information indicating a time and/or date that the user input was acquired; E) adding, based on the user input, a representation of at least a portion of the incident to the displayed at least one input image to thereby generate a marked-up digital image; F) electronically transmitting and/or electronically storing information relating to the marked-up digital image so as to document the incident with respect to the geographic area; and G) electronically transmitting and/or electronically storing the time and/or date information in association with the information relating to the marked-up digital image so as to document at last generally when the representation of the at least a portion of the incident was created.

Another embodiment is directed to an apparatus for documenting an incident at an incident site. The apparatus comprises a communication interface; a display device; at least one user input device; a memory to store processor-executable instructions; and a processing unit coupled to the communication interface, the display device, the at least one user input device, and the memory. Upon execution of the processor-executable instructions by the processing unit, the processing unit: controls the communication interface to electronically receive source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; controls the display device to display at least a portion of the at least one input image; acquires first user input from the at least one user input device to provide a first representation of at least a portion of the incident at a first time on the at least one input image; generates a first marked-up digital image including the first representation based on the first user input; acquires second user input from the at least one user input device to provide a second representation of at least a portion of the incident at a second time on the at least one input image; generates a second marked-up digital image including the second representation based on the second user input; and further controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store information relating to the first and second marked-up digital images so as to document the incident at different times with respect to the geographic area.

A further embodiment is directed to a method for documenting an incident at an incident site. The method comprises: A) receiving source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; B) processing the source data so as to display at least a portion of the at least one input image on a display device; C) receiving first user input via at least one user input device associated with the display device; D) processing the first user input so as to display, on the display device, a first marked-up digital image including a first representation of at least a portion of the incident at a first time on the at least one input image; E) receiving second user input via the at least one user input device; F) processing the second user input so as to display, on the display device, a second marked-up digital image including a second representation of at least a portion of the incident at a second time on the at least one input image; and G) electronically transmitting and/or electronically storing information relating to the first and second marked-up digital images so as to document the incident at different times with respect to the geographic area.

Another embodiment is directed to at least one computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed on at least one processing unit, perform a method for documenting an incident at an incident site. The method comprises: A) receiving source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; B) processing the source data so as to display at least a portion of the at least one input image on a display device; C) receiving first user input via at least one user input device associated with the display device; D) processing the first user input so as to display, on the display device, a first marked-up digital image including a first representation of at least a portion of the incident at a first time on the at least one input image; E) receiving second user input via the at least one user input device; F) processing the second user input so as to display, on the display device, a second marked-up digital image including a second representation of at least a portion of the incident at a second time on the at least one input image; and G) electronically transmitting and/or electronically storing information relating to the first and second marked-up digital images so as to document the incident at different times with respect to the geographic area.

The following U.S. published applications are hereby incorporated herein by reference:

U.S. publication no. 2008-0228294-A1, published Sep. 18, 2008, filed Mar. 13, 2007, and entitled “Marking System and Method With Location and/or Time Tracking;”

U.S. publication no. 2008-0245299-A1, published Oct. 9, 2008, filed Apr. 4, 2007, and entitled “Marking System and Method;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0013928-A1, published Jan. 15, 2009, filed Sep. 24, 2008, and entitled “Marking System and Method;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0202101-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Feb. 12, 2008, and entitled “Electronic Manifest of Underground Facility Locate Marks;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0202110-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Sep. 11, 2008, and entitled “Electronic Manifest of Underground Facility Locate Marks;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0201311-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Jan. 30, 2009, and entitled “Electronic Manifest of Underground Facility Locate Marks;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0202111-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Jan. 30, 2009, and entitled “Electronic Manifest of Underground Facility Locate Marks;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0204625-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Feb. 5, 2009, and entitled “Electronic Manifest of Underground Facility Locate Operation;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0204466-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Sep. 4, 2008, and entitled “Ticket Approval System For and Method of Performing Quality Control In Field Service Applications;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0207019-A1, published Aug. 20, 2009, filed Apr. 30, 2009, and entitled “Ticket Approval System For and Method of Performing Quality Control In Field Service Applications;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0210284-A1, published Aug. 20, 2009, filed Apr. 30, 2009, and entitled “Ticket Approval System For and Method of Performing Quality Control In Field Service Applications;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0210297-A1, published Aug. 20, 2009, filed Apr. 30, 2009, and entitled “Ticket Approval System For and Method of Performing Quality Control In Field Service Applications;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0210298-A1, published Aug. 20, 2009, filed Apr. 30, 2009, and entitled “Ticket Approval System For and Method of Performing Quality Control In Field Service Applications;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0210285-A1, published Aug. 20, 2009, filed Apr. 30, 2009, and entitled “Ticket Approval System For and Method of Performing Quality Control In Field Service Applications;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0204238-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Feb. 2, 2009, and entitled “Electronically Controlled Marking Apparatus and Methods;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0208642-A1, published Aug. 20, 2009, filed Feb. 2, 2009, and entitled “Marking Apparatus and Methods For Creating an Electronic Record of Marking Operations;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0210098-A1, published Aug. 20, 2009, filed Feb. 2, 2009, and entitled “Marking Apparatus and Methods For Creating an Electronic Record of Marking Apparatus Operations;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0201178-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Feb. 2, 2009, and entitled “Methods For Evaluating Operation of Marking Apparatus;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0202112-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Feb. 11, 2009, and entitled “Searchable Electronic Records of Underground Facility Locate Marking Operations;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0204614-A1, published Aug. 13, 2009, filed Feb. 11, 2009, and entitled “Searchable Electronic Records of Underground Facility Locate Marking Operations;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0238414-A1, published Sep. 24, 2009, filed Mar. 18, 2008, and entitled “Virtual White Lines for Delimiting Planned Excavation Sites;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0241045-A1, published Sep. 24, 2009, filed Sep. 26, 2008, and entitled “Virtual White Lines for Delimiting Planned Excavation Sites;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0238415-A1, published Sep. 24, 2009, filed Sep. 26, 2008, and entitled “Virtual White Lines for Delimiting Planned Excavation Sites;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0241046-A1, published Sep. 24, 2009, filed Jan. 16, 2009, and entitled “Virtual White Lines for Delimiting Planned Excavation Sites;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0238416-A1, published Sep. 24, 2009, filed Jan. 16, 2009, and entitled “Virtual White Lines for Delimiting Planned Excavation Sites;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0237408-A1, published Sep. 24, 2009, filed Jan. 16, 2009, and entitled “Virtual White Lines for Delimiting Planned Excavation Sites;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0238417-A1, published Sep. 24, 2009, filed Feb. 6, 2009, and entitled “Virtual White Lines for Indicating Planned Excavation Sites on Electronic Images;”

U.S. publication no. 2009-0327024-A1, published Dec. 31, 2009, filed Jun. 26, 2009, and entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Quality Assessment of a Field Service Operation;”

U.S. publication no. 2010-0010862-A1, published Jan. 14, 2010, filed Aug. 7, 2009, and entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Quality Assessment of a Field Service Operation Based on Geographic Location;”

U.S. publication no. 2010-0010863-A1, published Jan. 14, 2010, filed Aug. 7, 2009, and entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Quality Assessment of a Field Service Operation Based on Multiple Scoring Categories;”

U.S. publication no. 2010-0010882-A1, published Jan. 14, 2010, filed Aug. 7, 2009, and entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Quality Assessment of a Field Service Operation Based on Dynamic Assessment Parameters;” and

U.S. publication no. 2010-0010883-A1, published Jan. 14, 2010, filed Aug. 7, 2009, and entitled “Methods and Apparatus for Facilitating a Quality Assessment of a Field Service Operation Based on Multiple Quality Assessment Criteria.”

It should be appreciated that all combinations of the foregoing concepts and additional concepts discussed in greater detail below (provided such concepts are not mutually inconsistent) are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. In particular, all combinations of claimed subject matter appearing at the end of this disclosure are contemplated as being part of the inventive subject matter disclosed herein. It should also be appreciated that terminology explicitly employed herein that also may appear in any disclosure incorporated by reference should be accorded a meaning most consistent with the particular concepts disclosed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The drawings are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead generally being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 illustrates a functional block diagram of a geo-referenced electronic drawing application for documenting and reporting events, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a drawing tool GUI of the geo-referenced electronic drawing application, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a series of geo-referenced drawings that are generated using the geo-referenced electronic drawing application, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a report that is generated using the geo-referenced electronic drawing application and that includes a geo-referenced drawing, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates a flow diagram of an example of a method of operation of the geo-referenced electronic drawing application, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates a functional block diagram of a networked system that includes the geo-referenced electronic drawing application for documenting and reporting events, according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 shows a map, representing an exemplary input image;

FIG. 8 shows a construction/engineering drawing, representing an exemplary input image;

FIG. 9 shows a land survey map, representing an exemplary input image;

FIG. 10 shows a grid, overlaid on the construction/engineering drawing of FIG. 8, representing an exemplary input image;

FIG. 11 shows a street level image, representing an exemplary input image;

FIG. 12 shows the drawing tool GUI of FIG. 2 displaying a layer directory pane that facilitates the manipulation of layers;

FIG. 13 shows the drawing tool GUI of FIG. 2 displaying an animation controls window that facilitates generation of an animated sequence;

FIG. 14 shows an illustrative computer that may be used at least in part to implement the geo-referenced electronic drawing application in accordance with some embodiments; and

FIG. 15 shows an example of an input image constructed from bare data.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Following below are more detailed descriptions of various concepts related to, and embodiments of, inventive methods, apparatus and systems according to the present disclosure for facilitating documentation of events (e.g., an incident, such as a motor vehicle accident) via one or more time-elapsed geo-referenced electronic drawings. It should be appreciated that various concepts introduced above and discussed in greater detail below may be implemented in any of numerous ways, as the disclosed concepts are not limited to any particular manner of implementation. Examples of specific implementations and applications are provided primarily for illustrative purposes.

A geo-referenced electronic drawing application for documenting and reporting events is described herein. The geo-referenced electronic drawing application may provide a mechanism for importing a geo-referenced image that may be marked up with symbols and/or any other markings for indicating the details of an event, such as a vehicle accident. The geo-referenced image may include data associated therewith (e.g., embedded metadata) that allows identification of locational information (e.g., locational coordinates) for any point or region on the image. Further, the geo-referenced electronic drawing application may provide a mechanism for generating a report of the event that includes the marked up geo-referenced image. A networked system that includes the geo-referenced electronic drawing application is also described.

It should be appreciated that while the imported or otherwise acquired image is described herein as “geo-referenced,” and the drawing application is likewise described as geo-referenced, the image need not be geo-referenced unless required for a particular implementation and the drawing application may be used for non geo-referenced images. In many instances, an image that is not geo-referenced may be suitably used. Examples of non geo-referenced images that may be suitable in various scenarios are: a stock or generic image of an intersection, a stock or generic image of an room, a stock or generic image of a street, and a photograph taken during investigation of an incident or generation of a report on the incident. Of course, these are merely exemplary, as many other types of non geo-referenced images are possible.

Further, while certain embodiments may be described in the context of generating a vehicle accident report, this is exemplary only. The geo-referenced electronic drawing application described herein is suitable for generating any type of report in which a geo-referenced image (or other image) may be useful, such as, but not limited to, personal injury reports, vehicle accident reports, any types of property damage reports, and the like. For example, the methods and apparatus described herein may be useful for providing reports that include images in various field service applications, such as, but not limited to, those of underground facilities locate companies, excavation companies, landscaping companies, tree care and removal companies, utility installation and repair companies, and the like.

The geo-referenced electronic drawing application described herein may provide the ability to electronically mark up real world geo-referenced images with symbols, shapes, and/or lines in order to provide improved and consistent accuracy with respect to drawings that support incident reports.

In addition, the geo-referenced electronic drawing application described herein may provide the ability to electronically mark up real world geo-referenced images with symbols, shapes, and/or lines to scale, again providing improved and consistent accuracy with respect to drawings that support incident reports.

Further, the geo-referenced electronic drawing application may provide a standard symbols library, thereby providing standardization with respect to drawings that support incident reports.

Networked systems that include the geo-referenced electronic drawing application described herein may provide improved distribution, tracking, and auditing of reports among entities and the systems provide improved control over access to reports.

Referring to FIG. 1, a functional block diagram of a geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 for documenting and reporting events is presented. Geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be a standalone and/or a web-based software application that allows a user to import a geo-referenced image and then mark up the image with symbols and/or any other markings for indicating the details of an event, such as a vehicle accident.

Geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be executed by a processing unit 110 and stored in memory 112. Processing unit 110 may be any standard microcontroller or microprocessor device that is capable of executing program instructions of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100. Memory 112 may be any standard data storage medium. In one example, a symbols library 114, a collection of input images 116, certain geo-location data 118, and timestamp data 120, may be stored in memory 112.

Timestamp data 120 may include calendar date and/or time information. Timestamp data 120 may originate from, for example, the computing device on which geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 is installed, any other computing device, and/or manual entry by the user.

Location stamp data 150 may include location information such as a city and state, zip code, or geographic coordinates. Location stamp data 150 may originate from, for example, the computing device on which geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 is installed, any other computing device, and/or manual entry by the user.

Symbols library 114, input images 116, geo-location data 118, timestamp data 120 and location stamp data 150 support the functions of a drawing tool graphical user interface (GUI) 122 of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100. Drawing tool GUI 122 is suitable for presenting on the display of any computing device, such as a computing device 140. By reading geographic location information from geo-location data 118 and/or by processing geographic location information that may be manually entered, processing unit 110 retrieves a certain input image 116 that corresponds to the geographic location information and displays the input image 116 in a window of drawing tool GUI 122. Geographic location information may be, for example, a physical address, latitude and longitude coordinates, and/or any global positioning system (GPS) data.

For purposes of the present disclosure, an input image 116 is any image represented by source data that is electronically processed (e.g., the source data is in a computer-readable format) to display the image on a display device. An input image 116 may include any of a variety of paper/tangible image sources that are scanned (e.g., via an electronic scanner) or otherwise converted so as to create source data (e.g., in various formats such as XML, PDF, JPG, BMP, etc.) that can be processed to display the input image 116. An input image 116 also may include an image that originates as source data or an electronic file without necessarily having a corresponding paper/tangible copy of the image (e.g., an image of a “real-world” scene acquired by a digital still frame or video camera or other image acquisition device, in which the source data, at least in part, represents pixel information from the image acquisition device).

In some exemplary implementations, input images 116 according to the present disclosure may be created, provided, and/or processed by a geographic information system (GIS) that captures, stores, analyzes, manages and presents data referring to (or linked to) location, such that the source data representing the input image 116 includes pixel information from an image acquisition device (corresponding to an acquired “real world” scene or representation thereof), and/or spatial/geographic information (“geo-encoded information”).

In some exemplary implementations, one or more input images 116 may be stored in local memory 112 of the computing device 140 and/or retrieved from the optional remote computer (e.g., via the communication interface 124) and then stored in local memory. Various information may be derived from the one or more input images for display (e.g., all or a portion of the input image, metadata associated with the input image, etc.).

In view of the foregoing, various examples of input images and source data representing input images 116 according to the present disclosure, to which the inventive concepts disclosed herein may be applied, include but are not limited to:

-   -   Various maps, such as street/road maps (e.g., map 700 of FIG.         7), topographical maps, military maps, parcel maps, tax maps,         town and county planning maps, virtual maps, etc. (such maps may         or may not include geo-encoded information). Such maps may be         scaled to a level appropriate for the application;     -   Architectural, construction and/or engineering drawings and         virtual renditions of a space/geographic area (including “as         built” or post-construction drawings). Such drawings/renditions         may be useful, e.g., in property damage report applications or         for documenting construction, landscaping or maintenance. An         exemplary construction/engineering drawing 800 is shown in FIG.         8;     -   Land surveys, i.e., plots produced at ground level using         references to known points such as the center line of a street         to plot the metes and bounds and related location data regarding         a building, parcel, utility, roadway, or other object or         installation. Land survey images may be useful, e.g., in         vehicular incident report applications or police report         applications. FIG. 9 shows an exemplary land survey map 900;     -   A grid (a pattern of horizontal and vertical lines used as a         reference) to provide representational geographic information         (which may be used “as is” for an input image or as an overlay         for an acquired “real world” scene, drawing, map, etc.). An         exemplary grid 1000, overlaid on construction/engineering         drawing 800, is shown in FIG. 10. It should be appreciated that         the grid 1000 may itself serve as the input image (i.e., a         “bare” grid), or be used together with another underlying input         image;     -   “Bare” data representing geo-encoded information (geographical         data points) and not necessarily derived from an         acquired/captured real-world scene (e.g., not pixel information         from a digital camera or other digital image acquisition         device). Such “bare” data may be nonetheless used to construct a         displayed input image, and may be in any of a variety of         computer-readable formats, including XML).     -   One example of bare data is geo-referenced data relating to         municipal assets. Databases exist that include geo-location         information (e.g., latitude and longitude coordinates) and         attribute information (e.g., sign type) for municipal assets         such as signs, crash attenuators, parking meters, barricades,         and guardrails. Such a database may be used in connection with         an asset management system, such as the Infor EAM (Enterprise         Asset Management) system by Infor Global Solutions of         Alpharetta, Ga., to manage municipal assets. Using bare data         relating to municipal assets, a geo-encoded image may be         constructed that includes representations of municipal assets at         their relative locations. In particular, the attribute         information may be used to select a symbol representing the         asset in the image, and the geo-location information may be used         to determine the placement of the symbol in the image.     -   Other examples of bare data are geo-referenced data relating to         weather and geo-referenced data relating to traffic. Both         weather and traffic data are available from various sources in         Geographic Information System (GIS) format. For example, a set         of points, lines, and/or regions in a spatial database may         represent locations or areas having a particular traffic         attribute (e.g., heavy traffic, construction, moderate         congestion, minor stall, normal speeds) or a particular weather         attribute (e.g., heavy snow, rain, hail, fog, lightning, clear         skies). The data in the database may be dynamic, such that the         points, lines, and/or regions and corresponding attributes         change as the traffic and weather conditions change. Using bare         data relating to traffic and/or weather, a geo-encoded image may         be constructed that includes representations of traffic and/or         weather conditions at their relative locations. In particular,         the attribute information may be used to select a symbol,         pattern, and/or color representing the traffic or weather         condition in the image, and the geo-location information may be         used to determine the placement of the symbol, pattern and/or         color in the image. An example of a source for GIS traffic data         is NAVIGATOR, the Georgia Department of Transportation's         Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). GIS weather data is         available from the National Weather Service (NWS). Such weather         data may be provided as shapefiles, which is a format for         storing geographic information and associated attribute         information. Shapefiles may include information relating to         weather warnings (e.g., tornado, severe thunderstorm, and flash         flood warnings) and the like.

FIG. 15 shows an example of an input image 1500 constructed from bare data. In particular, input image 1500 includes a representation of a street sign 1510, representations of traffic conditions 1512 and 1514, and a representation of a weather condition 1516. The location of the street sign representation 1510 and traffic condition representations 1512 and 1514 may correspond to the actual locations of the street signs and traffic conditions in the region shown in the input image 1500. The location of the representation of the weather condition 1516 may be arbitrarily selected, or selected to be in a corner of the input image 1500, as the representation may indicate that the weather condition corresponds generally to the entire region shown in the input image 1500. Each of the representations shown in FIG. 15 is based on geo-location information (e.g., latitude and longitude coordinates) and attribute information (e.g., a sign type, traffic conditions, and a weather condition). In the example shown, the type of street sign 1510 is a stop sign, the traffic conditions 1512 and 1514 are “construction” and “light traffic,” and the weather condition 1516 is lightning; and

-   -   Photographic renderings/images, including street level (see         e.g., street level image 1100 of FIG. 11), topographical,         satellite, and aerial photographic renderings/images, any of         which may be updated periodically to capture changes in a given         geographic area over time (e.g., seasonal changes such as         foliage density, which may variably impact the ability to see         some aspects of the image). Such photographic renderings/images         may be useful, e.g., in connection with preparing property         damage reports, vehicular incident reports, police reports, etc.

It should also be appreciated that source data representing an input image 116 may be compiled from multiple data/information sources; for example, any two or more of the examples provided above for input images and source data representing input images 116, or any two or more other data sources, can provide information that can be combined or integrated to form source data that is electronically processed to display an image on a display device.

Referring to FIG. 2, an example of a drawing tool GUI 122 of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 is presented. In the case of a web-based application, drawing tool GUI 122 that may be implemented, for example, by a web browser that is presented via any networked computing device, such as computing device 140 of FIG. 1. In the case of a standalone application, drawing tool GUI 122 that may be implemented, for example, by a GUI window that is presented via any computing device.

Drawing tool GUI 122 may present a certain input image 116 that corresponds to specified geographic location information. For example, location information from geo-location data 118 may be automatically read into an address field 210 and/or a geo-location data field 212. Alternatively, location information may be manually entered in address field 210 and/or geo-location data field 212. In one example, input image 116 may be an aerial image that corresponds to the geographic location information. Overlaying input image 116 may be an image scale 214. Input image 116 is read into drawing tool GUI 122 and may be oriented in the proper manner with respect to directional heading (i.e., north, south, east, and west).

Drawing tool GUI 122 may also include various palettes, toolbars, or other interfaces that enable the user to manipulate (e.g., zoom in, zoom out) and/or mark up input image 116. For example, drawing tool GUI 122 may include a drawing toolbar 216 that may include a sketching palette as well as a symbols palette. The sketching palette portion of drawing toolbar 216 may provide standard drawing tools that allow a user to draw certain shapes (e.g., a polygon, a rectangle, a circle, a line) atop input image 116. The symbols palette portion of drawing toolbar 216 provides a collection of any symbols that may be useful for depicting the event of interest, such as a vehicle accident. The source of these symbols may be symbols library 114. For example, symbols library 114 may include, but is not limited to, a collection of car symbols, truck symbols, other vehicle symbols (e.g., emergency vehicles, buses, farm equipment, 2-wheel vehicles, etc), landmark symbols (e.g., fire hydrants, trees, fences, poles, cross walks, various barriers, etc), symbols of signs (e.g., standard road signs, any other signs, etc), symbols of people (e.g., pedestrians), symbols of animals, and the like. By use of the elements of drawing toolbar 216, a user may mark up input image 116 in a manner that depicts, for example, the vehicle accident scene. In one example and referring to FIG. 2, a vehicle collision is depicted by a vehicle #1 and a vehicle #2 overlaid on input image 116. The symbols for vehicle #1 and vehicle #2 are selected from the symbols palette portion of drawing toolbar 216.

Optionally, the drawing tool GUI 122 may allow a user to specify a confidence level for a selected symbol. For example, if a user selects a symbol corresponding to a bus to be overlaid on input image 116, the user may specify an associated confidence level to indicate a degree of confidence that the observed vehicle was a bus. The confidence level may be numeric, e.g., “25%,” or descriptive, e.g., “low.” An indication of the confidence level or a degree of uncertainty may be displayed adjacent the corresponding symbol or may be integrated with the symbol itself. For example, a question mark or the confidence level may be displayed on or near the symbol. Additionally or alternatively, an indication of the confidence level may be included in the text of a vehicle accident report including the marked up input image.

The aforementioned palettes, toolbars, and/or symbols library are described in the context of preparing a vehicle accident report. However, this is exemplary only. The palettes, toolbars, and/or symbols library of the geo-referenced electronic drawing application of the present disclosure may be industry-specific and/or incident type-specific. As a result, the palettes, toolbars, and/or symbols library may be selectable by the user depending on the application in which the geo-referenced electronic drawing application is being used. In one example, with respect to an incident involving tree damage and/or a tree damaging a structure, the user may select palettes, toolbars, and/or symbols that include trees and building rooflines that may be used for marking up the geo-referenced image.

Additionally, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be designed to automatically render symbols to scale upon the geo-referenced drawing according to the settings of scale 214. This is one example of how geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may provide consistent accuracy to drawings that support incident reports. Further, the presence of a standard symbols library, such as symbols library 114, is one example of how geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 provides standardization to drawings that support incident reports.

The geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be configured to allow the viewing angle or perspective of the input image 116 and/or representations thereon to be changed. For example, a user may switch between an overhead view, a perspective view, and a side view. This may be accomplished by correlating corresponding points in two or more geo-referenced images, for example. A symbol, such as a representation of a vehicle, or other content-related marking added to an image may have three-dimensional data associated therewith to enable the symbol to be viewed from different angles. Thus, while a viewing angle or perspective of an image may change, its content (e.g., a representation of a vehicle accident and its surrounding) may remain the same.

Further, the geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be configured to allow the input image 116 to be manually or automatically modified. For example, it may be desirable to remove extraneous features, such as cars, from the input image 116. The geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may include shape or object recognition software that allows such features to be identified and/or removed. One example of software capable of recognizing features in an image, such as an aerial image, is ENVI® image processing and analysis software by ITT Corporation of White Plains, N.Y. Exemplary features that may be recognized include vehicles, buildings, roads, bridges, rivers, lakes, and fields. The geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be configured such that a value indicating a level of confidence that an identified object corresponds to a particular feature may optionally be displayed. Automatically identified features may be automatically modified in the image in some manner. For example, the features may be blurred or colored (e.g., white, black or to resemble a color of one or more pixels adjacent the feature). Additionally, or alternatively, the geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may include drawing tools (e.g., an eraser tool or copy and paste tool), that allow such features to be removed, concealed, or otherwise modified after being visually recognized by a user or automatically recognized by the geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 or associated software.

Drawing toolbar 216 may also allow the user to add text boxes that can be used to add textual content to input image 116. In one example, a callout 218 may be one mechanism for entering and displaying textual information about, in this example, the vehicle collision.

Further, drawing tool GUI 122 may include a navigation toolbar 220 by which the user may zoom or pan input image 116 (e.g., zoom in, zoom out, zoom to, pan, pan left, pan right, pan up, pan down, etc.). Navigation toolbar 220 may additionally include one or more buttons that enable user drawn shapes to be accentuated (e.g., grayscale, transparency, etc.). Additionally, a set of scroll controls 222 may be provided in the image display window that allows the user to scroll input image 116 north, south, east, west, and so on with respect to real world directional heading. In addition, the drawing application may be configured to reposition the displayed image so that it is directionally aligned with a direction of the display screen, based on an input from a compass or other device indicative of an orientation of the display screen in the environment.

Overlaying input image 116 may also be a timestamp 224 and/or a location stamp 250. Timestamp 224 may indicate the creation date and/or time or a save date and/or time of a marked up input image 116 or information used to generate the marked up input image. Timestamp data 120 in memory 112 of FIG. 1 may be the source of information of timestamp 224. Such data may be based on an output of a local or remote timer, for example. Location stamp 250 may indicate the location where the marked up input image 116 or information used to generate the marked up input image was saved. Location stamp 250 in memory 112 of FIG. 1 may be the source of information of location stamp 250. Such data may be based on an output of GPS device, for example.

The timestamp 224 and location stamp 250 may be automatically generated based, for example, on the output of a timer device and GPS device as discussed above. Further, the timestamp and location stamp may be difficult or impossible for a user to modify. Thus, the timestamp and location stamp may be used to verify that the marked-up input image with which they are associated was created at an expected time and place, such as the general or specific time and place where the vehicular accident or other incident was investigated. If desired, time and/or location data may be automatically acquired several times during the creation of one or more marked-up digital images, and may be stored in association with the images, to enable verification that the user was present at the time and/or place of the investigation for some duration of time.

The ability to read in and electronically mark up real world geo-referenced images, such as input images 116, with symbols, shapes, and/or lines is one example of how geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may provide improved and consistent accuracy to drawings that support incident reports.

In some embodiments, the input image data and the mark up data (e.g., the electronic representations of the vehicles, landmarks and/or signs), may be displayed as separate “layers” of the visual rendering, such that a viewer of the visual rendering may turn on and turn off displayed data based on a categorization of the displayed data. Respective layers may be enabled or disabled for display in any of a variety of manners. According to one exemplary implementation shown in FIG. 12, a “layer directory” or “layer legend” pane 1200 may be rendered in the viewing window of drawing tool GUI 122 described in connection with FIG. 2. The layer directory pane 1200 may show all available layers, and allow a viewer to select each available layer to be either displayed or hidden, thus facilitating comparative viewing of layers. The layer directory pane 1200 may be displayed by selecting a “display layer directory pane” action item in the layers menu 1202.

In the example of FIG. 12, image information is categorized generally under layer designation 1202 (“reference layer”) and may be independently enabled or disabled for display (e.g., hidden) by selecting the corresponding check box. Similarly, information available to be overlaid on the input image is categorized generally under layer designation 1206 (“symbols layer”) and may be independently enabled or disabled for display by selecting the corresponding check box.

The reference layer and symbols layers may have sub-categories for sub-layers, such that each sub-layer may also be selectively enabled or disabled for viewing by a viewer. For example, under the general layer designation 1202 of “reference layer,” a “base image” sub-layer may be selected for display. The base image sub-layer is merely one example of a sub-layer that may be included under the “reference layer,” as other sub-layers (e.g., “grid”) are possible. Under the general layer designation 1206 of “symbols layer,” different symbol types that may be overlaid on the input image may be categorized under different sub-layer designations (e.g., designation 1208 for “cars layer;” designation 1212 for “trucks layer;” designation 1216 for “other vehicles layer;” designation 1218 for “landmarks layer;” and designation 1220 for “signs layer”). In this manner, a viewer may be able to display certain symbols information (e.g., concerning cars and trucks), while hiding other symbols information (e.g., concerning other vehicles, landmarks and signs).

Further, the various sub-layers may have further sub-categories for sub-layers, such that particular features within a sub-layer may also be selectively enabled or disabled for viewing by a viewer. For example, the cars layer may include a designation 1210 for “car 1,” and the truck layer may include a designation 1214 for “truck 1.” Thus, information concerning the car 1222 (“car 1”) and truck 1224 (“truck 1”) involved in the accident can be selected for display.

As shown in the example of FIG. 12, both the reference and symbols layers are enabled for display. Under the reference layer, the base image layer is enabled for display. Amongst the symbols layer sub-layers, only the cars layer and the trucks layer are enabled for display. Amongst these sub-layers, the further sub-layers “car 1” and “truck 1” are enabled for display. Accordingly, a base image is rendered in the viewing window of drawing tool GUI 122, and only car 1222 and truck 1224 are rendered thereon.

Virtually any characteristic of the information available for display may serve to categorize the information for purposes of display layers or sub-layers. In particular, any of the various exemplary elements that may be rendered using the drawing tool GUI 122 discussed herein (e.g., timestamps; scales; callouts; estimated time information; input image content; symbols relating to vehicles, landmarks, signs, people, animals or the like, etc.) may be categorized as a sub-layer, and one or more sub-layers may further be categorized into constituent elements for selective display (e.g., as sub-sub-layers).

Further, layers may be based on user-defined attributes of symbols or other rendered features. For example, a layer may be based on the speed of vehicles, whether vehicles were involved in the accident, whether the vehicles are public service vehicles, the location of vehicles at a particular time, and so on. For example, a user may define particular vehicle symbols as having corresponding speeds, and a “moving vehicles layer” may be selected to enable the display of vehicles having non-zero speeds. Additionally or alternatively, selecting the moving vehicles layer may cause information concerning the speed of the moving vehicles to be displayed. For example, text indicating a speed of 15 mph may be displayed adjacent a corresponding vehicle. Similarly, a user may define particular vehicle symbols as being involved in the accident, and an “accident vehicles layer” may be selected to enable the display of vehicles involved in the accident. Additionally or alternatively, selecting the accident vehicles layer may cause information identifying accident vehicles to be displayed. For example, an icon indicative of an accident vehicle may be displayed adjacent a corresponding vehicle. The “moving vehicles layer” and the “accident vehicles” layer may be sub-layers under the symbols layer, or may be sub-layers under a “vehicle layer” (not shown), which itself is a sub-layer under the symbols layer. Further, the “moving vehicles layer” and the “accident vehicles layer” may in turn include sub-layers. For example, the “moving vehicles layer” may include a sub-layer to enable the display of all vehicles traveling east. From the foregoing, it may be appreciated that a wide variety of information may be categorized in a nested hierarchy of layers, and information included in the layers may be visually rendered, when selected/enabled for display, in a variety of manners.

Other attributes of symbols or other rendered features may also be used as the basis for defining layers. For example, the user-determined and/or automatically determined confidence levels of respective symbols, as discussed herein, may be used as the basis for defining layers. According to one illustrative example, a layer may be defined to include only those symbols that have an associated user-determined and/or automatically determined confidence level of at least some percentage, e.g., 50%. The information concerning the confidence levels associated with the symbols may be drawn from a report in which such levels are included.

It should further be appreciated that, according to various embodiments, the attributes and/or type of visual information displayed as a result of selecting one or more layers or sub-layers is not limited. In particular, visual information corresponding to a selected layer or sub-layer may be electronically rendered in the form of one or more lines or shapes (of various colors, shadings and/or line types), text, graphics (e.g., symbols or icons), and/or images, for example. Likewise, the visual information corresponding to a selected layer or sub-layer may include multiple forms of visual information (one or more of lines, shapes, text, graphics and/or images).

In yet other embodiments, all of the symbols and/or other overlaid information of a particular marked up input image may be categorized as a display layer, such that the overlaid information may be selectively enabled or disabled for display as a display layer. In this manner, a user may conveniently toggle between the display of various related marked up input images (e.g., marked up input images relating to the same accident or other event) for comparative display. In particular, a user may toggle between scenes depicting the events of an accident at different times.

It should be appreciated that a layer need not include a singular category of symbols or overlaid information, and may be customized according to a user's preferences. For example, a user may select particular features in one or more marked up input images that the user would like to enable to be displayed collectively as a layer. Additionally or alternatively, the user may select a plurality of categories of features that the user would like to enable to be displayed collectively as a layer.

In some embodiments, processing unit 110 (FIG. 1) may automatically select which layers are displayed or hidden. As an example, if a user depicts a truck in the accident scene using a truck symbol, processing unit 110 may automatically select the “truck layer” sub-layer and the “truck 1” sub-sub layer for display in the display field. As another example, if a user specifies or selects landmarks to be displayed, processing unit 110 may automatically select the base image to be hidden to provide an uncluttered depiction of an accident scene. The foregoing are merely illustrative examples of automatic selection/enabling of layers, and the inventive concepts discussed herein are not limited in these respects.

Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, when the user has completed marking up (e.g., with lines, shapes, symbols, text, etc.) the certain input image 116, the marked up input image 116 may be saved as an event-specific image 126. For example, during the save operation of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100, any event-specific images 126 created therein may be converted to any standard digital image file format, such as PDF, JPG, and BMP file format, and saved, for example, in memory 112 or to an associated file system (not shown). In some cases, it may be beneficial for the user to generate multiple event-specific images 126 in order to depict, for example, more details of how a vehicle accident occurred. The multiple event-specific images 126 may be associated to one another via, for example, respective descriptor files 128 and saved as an image series 130. An example of an image series 130 is shown with reference to FIG. 3.

Each descriptor file 128 includes information about each event-specific image 126 of an image series 130. Using the example of a vehicle accident report, each descriptor file 128 may include the accident report number, the name of the event-specific image 126 with respect to the image series 130, the creation date, and the like. Descriptor files 128 provide a mechanism of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 that allow event-specific images 126 and/or any image series 130 to be queried by other applications, such as any incident management applications. In one example, descriptor files 128 may be extensible markup language (XML) files that are created during the save process of event-specific images 126 and/or image series 130.

Referring to FIG. 3, an example of a series of geo-referenced drawings that are generated using geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 is presented. FIG. 3 shows an example of an image series 130 that depicts time-lapsed sequential images of a vehicle collision (i.e., essentially representing time-lapsed frames 1, 2, and 3 in sequence). In this example, frame 1 is represented by an event-specific image 126A that depicts vehicle #1 heading westbound and vehicle #2 heading eastbound, just prior to the collision. Frame 2 is represented by an event-specific image 126B that depicts vehicle #1 and vehicle #2 at the moment of impact during the collision. Frame 3 is represented by an event-specific image 126C that depicts the final resting place of vehicle #1 and vehicle #2 after the collision.

Each of the event-specific images 126A-C may include a corresponding estimated relative time 225A-C represented thereon. The estimated relative time may reflect an estimated time of the event (e.g., a vehicle accident) depicted in the event-specific image. In the example of FIG. 3, an estimated relative time is rendered visually (e.g., overlaid) on the input image 116 of each of the event-specific images 126A-C. In event-specific image 126A, the estimated relative time 225A is represented by a variable “t,” which corresponds to an unknown time. In event-specific images 126B and 126C, the estimated relative times 225B and 225C are represented by times relative to the variable “t” (i.e., “t+0.5 sec” and “t+1 sec,” respectively). Additionally or alternatively, the estimated relative time may reflect an estimated date of the vehicle accident. As also shown in FIG. 3, one or more of event-specific images 126A-C may include a corresponding estimated actual time 227 represented thereon. The estimated actual time may reflect an estimated non-relative time of the vehicle accident. The estimated relative time 225A-C and the estimated actual time 227 may be estimated by the user of the drawing application or a related party.

In some embodiments, it may be desirable to generate an animated sequence based on a plurality of event-specific images 126. According to one exemplary implementation shown in FIG. 13, an animation controls window 1302 may be rendered in the viewing window of drawing tool GUI 122 described in connection with FIG. 2 to facilitate generation of an animated sequence. The animation controls window 1302 may be displayed by selecting a “display animation controls” action item in the animation menu 1300.

The animation controls window 1302 comprises an interface 1304 for specifying frame order, an interface 1306 for specifying animation speed, and an interface 1308 for specifying a transition between frames. In the example of FIG. 13, interface 1304 lists each of the frames representing event-specific images. A user may specify a sequential order for the listed frames by selecting up or down arrows associated with the listed frames. For example, a user may select the down arrow associated with “Frame 1” to move this frame to a later sequential order.

Interface 1304 lists options for specifying the animation speed of the frames. A first option, which is selected in the example of FIG. 13, provides that the animation speed of the frames will be based on an estimated time for each frame. In particular, by selecting this option, the animation speed may be based on an estimated relative time or an estimated actual time that may be specified for each frame as discussed in connection with FIG. 3. For example, if Frame 2 has an estimated relative time that is two seconds after that of Frame 1, and Frame 2 has an estimated relative time that is five seconds after that of Frame 2, the frames may be displayed at zero seconds, two seconds, and seven seconds, respectively, or at some multiplier thereof. For example, the frames may be displayed at half of the estimated actual speed by displaying the frames at zero seconds, four seconds, and fourteen seconds, respectively. A second option, which is unselected in the example of FIG. 13, provides that the animation speed of the frames will be based on a regular interval, the length of which may be adjusted by sliding the arrow associated with the interval length control feature to the left or the right.

It should be appreciated that the animation speed need not be consistent for all frames, and that the animation speed for particular sequences of frames may be adjusted as desired by the user. For example, the time associated with one or more frames may be increased or decreased relative to an estimated time so that the user can observe how such an increase or decrease impacts the animation and/or simulate different scenarios.

Interface 1306 lists options for specifying a transition between overlaid features in the frames (e.g., vehicle symbols). A first option, which is selected in the example of FIG. 13, provides that there is no transition between the overlaid features. In this case, the frames will simply be displayed sequentially as a time-lapse animation. A second option, which is unselected in the example of FIG. 13, provides that the overlaid features (e.g., vehicle symbols) will trace a path between their position in consecutive frames to transition between the event-specific images of consecutive frames. In the case of a vehicle, for example, the path may be a linear path between a first point representing a center of the vehicle symbol in one image and a second point representing a center of the vehicle symbol in a consecutive image. According to one exemplary implementation, all overlaid features or all overlaid features of a particular type (e.g., vehicle symbols) will, by default, be animated in this manner. According to another exemplary implementation, if the second option is selected, an additional interface may be displayed that allows a user to select which overlaid features are to be animated and which are to remain stationary. For example, a user may specify that only features belonging to a certain custom or non-custom layer be animated while all other features remain stationary. Conversely, a user may specify that only features belonging to a certain custom or non-custom layer shall remain stationary while all other features are animated. This additional interface may or may not be used in connection with default settings.

Referring to FIGS. 1, 2, and 3, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 provides a mechanism by which event-specific images 126 and/or any image series 130 or animation based thereon may be integrated into electronic reports, such as reports 132 of FIG. 1. Reports 132 may be any electronic reports in which geo-referenced electronic drawings may be useful, such as electronic personal injury reports, electronic vehicle accident reports, any types of electronic property damage reports, and the like. An example of a report 132 is shown with reference to FIG. 4.

Referring to FIG. 4, a traffic collision report 400 that is generated using geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 and that includes a geo-referenced drawing is presented. Traffic collision report 400 is an example of a report 132. Traffic collision report 400 may be, for example, a report used by accident investigation companies, law enforcement agencies, and/or insurance companies.

In this example, a certain event-specific image 126 is read into a drawing field of traffic collision report 400. In this way, the certain event-specific image 126 is integrated into traffic collision report 400. The textual information of traffic collision report 400 may be manually entered and/or automatically imported from information associated with event-specific image 126, which was captured using drawing tool GUI 122. For example, a “Description of Accident” field may be populated with textual information of callout 218 (see FIG. 2). Additionally, an entry screen (not shown) of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be provided that allows the user to manually enter and/or modify information in the text fields of a report 132, such as the text fields of traffic collision report 400. The entry screen may be incorporated in and/or operate in combination with drawing tool GUI 122.

A report 132, such as traffic collision report 400, is not limited to incorporating a single event-specific image 126 only. For example, subsequent pages of traffic collision report 400 may include all event-specific images 126 of a certain image series 130, such as those shown in FIG. 3.

Referring to FIG. 5, a flow diagram of an example of a method 500 of operation of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 is presented. Method 500 may include, but is not limited to, the following steps, which are not limited to any order.

At step 510, by use of drawing tool GUI 122, processing unit 110 of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 acquires location information with respect to the event of interest. For example, geographic location information from geo-location data 118 may be automatically read into address field 210 and/or geo-location data field 212 of drawing tool GUI 122. Alternatively, location information may be manually entered in address field 210 and/or geo-location data field 212.

At step 512, the collection of geo-referenced images is queried, the matching geo-referenced image is read into drawing tool GUI 122, and the geo-referenced image is rendered in the viewing window of drawing tool GUI 122. For example, processing unit 110 of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 queries input images 116, which are the geo-referenced images, in order to find the input image 116 that matches the location information of step 510. Once the matching input image 116 is found, the input image 116 is read into drawing tool GUI 122 and rendered in the viewing window thereof. In this way, a geo-referenced image is provided to the user, upon which markings that indicate the event of interest may be made. In one example and referring to FIG. 2, an input image 116 that matches “263 Main St, Reno, Nev.” in address field 210 is located in the store of input images 116 in memory 112 and then read into drawing tool GUI 122.

At step 514, processing unit 110 of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may process any symbols that are selected from symbols library 114 along with any other markings that are overlaid upon the geo-referenced image to depict the event of interest. For example, any symbols that are selected using drawing toolbar 216 of drawing tool GUI 122 may be overlaid upon the certain input image 116 in order to the depict event of interest, such as a vehicle accident. In one example and referring to FIG. 2, a symbol for a car (vehicle #1) and a symbol for a light truck (vehicle #2) are positioned and rendered upon the input image 116 that matches “263 Main St, Reno, Nev.” in address field 210. Additionally, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 is designed to automatically render symbols to scale upon the certain input image 116 according to the settings of scale 214.

Further, other markings (e.g., a polygon, a rectangle, a circle, a line) may be overlaid upon input image 116. In one example, using the sketching palette portion of drawing toolbar 216, lines to indicate skid marks may be drawn upon input image 116.

At step 516, processing unit 110 of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may process any textual information related to the geo-referenced image. In one example and referring to FIG. 2, callout 218 may be used for entering and displaying textual information about the vehicle collision. Callout 218 is shown overlaid upon input image 116.

At step 518, processing unit 110 of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may render and save the event-specific image along with its associated descriptor file. In one example when the user has completed marking up (e.g., with lines, shapes, symbols, text, etc.) the certain input image 116, the marked up input image 116 may be saved as an event-specific image 126. For example, during the save operation of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100, any event-specific images 126 created therein may be converted to any standard digital image file format, such as PDF, JPG, and BMP file format, and saved. Further, its associated descriptor file 128 is created and saved.

At decision step 520, the user of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 determines whether an image series, such as the example image series 130 of FIG. 3, is required in order to adequately depict the event of interest. If yes, method 500 proceeds to step 522. If no, method 500 proceeds to step 526.

At decision step 522, the user of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 determines whether the image series is complete. If yes, method 500 proceeds to step 524. If no, method 500 returns to step 510 to begin creating the next event-specific image.

At step 524, the descriptor files 128 of the event-specific images 126 that are included in the image series 130 are associated and the image series 130 is saved.

At step 526, the event-specific image 126 and/or all event-specific images 126 of the image series 130 and any other information are integrated into the electronic report of interest. In one example, a certain event-specific image 126 is integrated into a certain type of report 132, such as traffic collision report 400 of FIG. 4. Further, textual information associated with event-specific image 126 may be automatically imported into traffic collision report 400.

Referring to FIG. 6, a functional block diagram of a networked system 600 that includes geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 for documenting and reporting events is presented. In this embodiment, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be a web-based application. Therefore, networked system 600 may include an application server 610 upon which geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 is installed.

Application server 610 may be any application server, such as a web application server and/or web portal, by which one or more user 612 may access geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 with respect to documenting and reporting events. Application server 610 may be accessed by users 612 via any networked computing device, such as his/her local computing device 140. In one example, users 612 may be any personnel associated with accident investigation companies, law enforcement agencies, and/or insurance companies.

Networked system 600 of the present disclosure may further include an image server 614, which is one example of an entity supplying input images 116 of FIG. 1. Image server 614 may be any computer device for storing and providing input images 116, such as aerial images of geographic locations.

Networked system 600 of the present disclosure may further include a central server 616. In one example, central server 616 may be associated with accident investigation companies, law enforcement agencies, and/or insurance companies. Certain business applications, such as management applications 618, may reside on central server 616. Management applications 618 may be, for example, any incident management applications.

A network 620 provides the communication link between any and/or all entities of networked system 600. For example, network 620 provides the communication network by which information may be exchanged between application server 610, image server 614, central server 616, and computing devices 140. Network 620 may be, for example, any local area network (LAN) and/or wide area network (WAN) for connecting to the Internet.

In order to connect to network 620, each entity of networked system 600 includes a communication interface (not shown). For example, the respective communication interfaces of application server 610, image server 614, central server 616, and computing devices 140 may be any wired and/or wireless communication interface by which information may be exchanged between any entities of networked system 600. Examples of wired communication interfaces may include, but are not limited to, USB ports, RS232 connectors, RJ45 connectors, Ethernet, and any combinations thereof. Examples of wireless communication interfaces may include, but are not limited to, an Intranet connection, Internet, Bluetooth® technology, Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, IEEE 802.11 technology, radio frequency (RF), Infrared Data Association (IrDA) compatible protocols, Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN), Shared Wireless Access Protocol (SWAP), any combinations thereof, and other types of wireless networking protocols.

In certain embodiments, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may include a feature for attaching media files to reports 132. For example, networked system 600 may include certain media capture devices 622 for capturing media files 624. Media capture devices 622 may be any media capture devices, such as digital cameras, digital audio recorders, digital video recorders, and the like. Therefore, media files 624 may be, for example, digital image files, digital audio files, digital video files, and the like. The media files 624 may likewise have descriptor files (not shown) associated therewith for, for example, associating to certain reports 132. In one example, the media files 624 may be provided as attachments to reports 132. According to other embodiments, computing device 140 may include one or more media capture devices as described above.

The attached media files 624 may be stamped with time, location and/or direction information. For example, a media file 624 may include a timestamp identifying a calendar date and/or time that the media file was created and/or a calendar date and/or time that the media file was stored in memory by the computing device 140. Similarly, the media file may include a location stamp identifying a location (e.g., a city and state or geographic coordinates) where the media file was created and/or a location where the media file was stored in memory by the computing device 140. A media file may also include a direction stamp specifying directional information associated therewith. For example, if the media file is a photographic image or video that was taken with a camera device associated with a compass, the photographic image or video may be stamped with directional information based on an output of the compass to indicate that the image or video was taken while the camera lens was facing northwest. In certain embodiments, the media files 624 may be automatically stamped with time, location and/or direction information. The timestamp and location stamp, particularly when automatically generated, may be used as verification that the media file was stored at a particular time and place, such as the time and place where the report associated with the media file was created. The direction stamp may be used as verification that the media file was created while a media capture device was facing in a particular direction or otherwise had a particular orientation. The location, time and/or direction data used for the location stamp, timestamp and/or direction stamp may originate from the computing device on which geo-referenced electronic drawing application is installed, any other computing device. For example, the computing device may be GPS-enabled and may include a timer and a compass. Alternatively, the location, time and/or direction data may be based on manual data entry by the user. It should be appreciated that the media file need not be modified to include the location, time and/or direction data described above, as the data may alternatively be stored in association with the media file as distinct data.

As discussed herein, the computing device 140 shown in FIG. 6 may have a communication interface that may receive information from network 620, which may be a LAN and/or WAN for connecting to the Internet. According to one embodiment, information about an environmental condition may be received as a media file via the communication interface. For example, weather information (e.g., temperature, visibility and precipitation information), traffic information and/or construction information, may be received from the Internet via the communication interface. Such information may be received from a weather service, traffic service, traffic records, construction service or the like. Received information may be attached as files to reports 132. Alternatively, or in addition, received information may incorporated within the reports 132 themselves. For example, if the received information indicates that the weather at the time of an accident was sunny, such information may be automatically input to the traffic collision report 400 discussed in connection with FIG. 4. In particular, the report could include this information as text in a data field, or an event-specific image 126 in the report could include an image of a sun or another icon indicating sunny weather. As another example, if the received information indicates that the visibility at the time of the accident was 20 feet, the report could include this information as text in a data field and/or represent this information in an event-specific image 126. For example, to represent the area that could not be viewed by a particular driver, the area beyond a 20 foot radius of the driver in the event-specific image 126 could be colored gray, blacked out, or designated with hash marks. Alternatively, the traffic collision report 400 could be manually updated to include weather information, traffic information, construction information, or the like. Condition information received via the communication interface may be stored with and/or stamped with location, time and/or direction data indicating when the condition information was stored by the computing device 140.

In certain embodiments, central server 616 of networked system 600 may include a collection of historical reports 626, which are records of reports 132 that have been processed in the past. In one example, in the context of vehicle accident reports, historical reports 626 may be useful to inform current reports 132, such as current accident reports that are being processed. For example, being able to review historical information pertaining to a certain intersection may be useful to add to an accident report for fault analysis purposes, as certain trends may become apparent. For example, historical reports 626 may indicate for a certain highway or street intersection that a steep hill is present, the traffic light malfunctions, the line of site to the stop sign is obstructed, there is a poor angle of visibility at the intersection, the intersection is an accident prone area in poor weather conditions (e.g., a bridge approaching the intersection freezes over), and the like. Referring again to step 526 of method 500 of FIG. 5, information from historical reports 626 may be other information that may be integrated into reports 132.

In operation, each user of networked system 600 may access geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 via his/her local computing device 140. Networked system 600 may provide a secure login function, which allows users 612 to access the functions of geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100. Once authorized, users 612 may open drawing tool GUI 122 using, for example, the web browsers of their computing devices 140. Geographic location information is read into or manually entered into drawing tool GUI 122 and event-specific images 126, image series 130, and/or reports 132 may be generated as described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 5. In this process, input images 116 of image server 614 may be the source of the geo-referenced images that are read into geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100. Subsequently, reports 132 that include geo-referenced images, such as event-specific images 126, and, optionally, one or more media files 624 attached thereto may be transmitted in electronic form from the computing devices 140 of users 612 to any entities connected to network 620 of networked system 600. In one example, reports 132 that include geo-referenced images may be transmitted in electronic form from the computing devices 140 of users 612 to central server 616 for further review and processing by authorized users only of networked system 600. This is an example of how geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 is used in networked system 600 to provide improved distribution, tracking, and auditing of reports among entities and to provide improved control over access to reports.

Referring again to FIG. 6, networked system 600 is not limited to the types and numbers of entities that are shown in FIG. 6. Any types and numbers of entities that may be useful in event documenting and reporting systems may be included in networked system 600. Further, in another embodiment, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 may be a standalone application that resides on each networked computing device 140. Therefore, in this embodiment, networked system 600 of FIG. 6 need not include application server 610.

In summary and referring to FIGS. 1 through 6, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 of the present disclosure provides the ability to electronically mark up real world geo-referenced images, such as input images 116, with symbols, shapes, and/or lines in order to provide improved accuracy and consistent accuracy with respect to drawings that support incident reports.

Further, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 of the present disclosure provides the ability to electronically mark up real world geo-referenced images with symbols, shapes, and/or lines to scale, again providing improved accuracy and consistent accuracy with respect to drawings that support incident reports.

Further, geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 of the present disclosure provides a standard symbols library, such as symbols library 114, thereby providing standardization with respect to drawings that support incident reports.

Further, networked systems that include geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 of the present disclosure, such as networked system 600, provide improved distribution, tracking, and auditing of reports among entities and provide improved control over access to reports.

CONCLUSION

While various inventive embodiments have been described and illustrated herein, those of ordinary skill in the art will readily envision a variety of other means and/or structures for performing the function and/or obtaining the results and/or one or more of the advantages described herein, and each of such variations and/or modifications is deemed to be within the scope of the inventive embodiments described herein. More generally, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that all parameters, dimensions, materials, and configurations described herein are meant to be exemplary and that the actual parameters, dimensions, materials, and/or configurations will depend upon the specific application or applications for which the inventive teachings is/are used. Those skilled in the art will recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific inventive embodiments described herein. It is, therefore, to be understood that the foregoing embodiments are presented by way of example only and that, within the scope of the appended claims and equivalents thereto, inventive embodiments may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described and claimed. Inventive embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to each individual feature, system, article, material, kit, and/or method described herein. In addition, any combination of two or more such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods, if such features, systems, articles, materials, kits, and/or methods are not mutually inconsistent, is included within the inventive scope of the present disclosure.

The above-described embodiments can be implemented in any of numerous ways. For example, the embodiments may be implemented using hardware, software or a combination thereof. When implemented in software, the software code can be executed on any suitable processor or collection of processors, whether provided in a single computer or distributed among multiple computers.

Further, it should be appreciated that a computer may be embodied in any of a number of forms, such as a rack-mounted computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, or a tablet computer. Additionally, a computer may be embedded in a device not generally regarded as a computer but with suitable processing capabilities, including a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), a smart phone or any other suitable portable or fixed electronic device.

Also, a computer may have one or more input and output devices. These devices can be used, among other things, to present a user interface. Examples of output devices that can be used to provide a user interface include printers or display screens for visual presentation of output and speakers or other sound generating devices for audible presentation of output. Examples of input devices that can be used for a user interface include keyboards, and pointing devices, such as mice, touch pads, and digitizing tablets. As another example, a computer may receive input information through speech recognition or in other audible format.

Such computers may be interconnected by one or more networks in any suitable form, including a local area network or a wide area network, such as an enterprise network, and intelligent network (IN) or the Internet. Such networks may be based on any suitable technology and may operate according to any suitable protocol and may include wireless networks, wired networks or fiber optic networks.

FIG. 14 shows an illustrative computer 1400 that may be used at least in part to implement the geo-referenced electronic drawing application 100 described herein in accordance with some embodiments. For example, the computer 1400 comprises a memory 1410, one or more processing units 1412 (also referred to herein simply as “processors”), one or more communication interfaces 1414, one or more display units 1416, and one or more user input devices 1418. The memory 1410 may comprise any computer-readable media, and may store computer instructions (also referred to herein as “processor-executable instructions”) for implementing the various functionalities described herein. The processing unit(s) 1412 may be used to execute the instructions. The communication interface(s) 1414 may be coupled to a wired or wireless network, bus, or other communication means and may therefore allow the computer 1400 to transmit communications to and/or receive communications from other devices. The display unit(s) 1416 may be provided, for example, to allow a user to view various information in connection with execution of the instructions. The user input device(s) 1418 may be provided, for example, to allow the user to make manual adjustments, make selections, enter data or various other information, and/or interact in any of a variety of manners with the processor during execution of the instructions.

The various methods or processes outlined herein may be coded as software that is executable on one or more processors that employ any one of a variety of operating systems or platforms. Additionally, such software may be written using any of a number of suitable programming languages and/or programming or scripting tools, and also may be compiled as executable machine language code or intermediate code that is executed on a framework or virtual machine.

In this respect, various inventive concepts may be embodied as a computer readable storage medium (or multiple computer readable storage media) (e.g., a computer memory, one or more floppy discs, compact discs, optical discs, magnetic tapes, flash memories, circuit configurations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays or other semiconductor devices, or other non-transitory medium or tangible computer storage medium) encoded with one or more programs that, when executed on one or more computers or other processors, perform methods that implement the various embodiments of the invention discussed above. The computer readable medium or media can be transportable, such that the program or programs stored thereon can be loaded onto one or more different computers or other processors to implement various aspects of the present invention as discussed above.

The terms “program” or “software” are used herein in a generic sense to refer to any type of computer code or set of computer-executable instructions that can be employed to program a computer or other processor to implement various aspects of embodiments as discussed above. Additionally, it should be appreciated that according to one aspect, one or more computer programs that when executed perform methods of the present invention need not reside on a single computer or processor, but may be distributed in a modular fashion amongst a number of different computers or processors to implement various aspects of the present invention.

Computer-executable instructions may be in many forms, such as program modules, executed by one or more computers or other devices. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. Typically the functionality of the program modules may be combined or distributed as desired in various embodiments.

Also, data structures may be stored in computer-readable media in any suitable form. For simplicity of illustration, data structures may be shown to have fields that are related through location in the data structure. Such relationships may likewise be achieved by assigning storage for the fields with locations in a computer-readable medium that convey relationship between the fields. However, any suitable mechanism may be used to establish a relationship between information in fields of a data structure, including through the use of pointers, tags or other mechanisms that establish relationship between data elements.

Also, various inventive concepts may be embodied as one or more methods, of which an example has been provided. The acts performed as part of the method may be ordered in any suitable way. Accordingly, embodiments may be constructed in which acts are performed in an order different than illustrated, which may include performing some acts simultaneously, even though shown as sequential acts in illustrative embodiments.

All definitions, as defined and used herein, should be understood to control over dictionary definitions, definitions in documents incorporated by reference, and/or ordinary meanings of the defined terms.

The indefinite articles “a” and “an,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, unless clearly indicated to the contrary, should be understood to mean “at least one.”

The phrase “and/or,” as used herein in the specification and in the claims, should be understood to mean “either or both” of the elements so conjoined, i.e., elements that are conjunctively present in some cases and disjunctively present in other cases. Multiple elements listed with “and/or” should be construed in the same fashion, i.e., “one or more” of the elements so conjoined. Other elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified by the “and/or” clause, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, a reference to “A and/or B”, when used in conjunction with open-ended language such as “comprising” can refer, in one embodiment, to A only (optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to B only (optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to both A and B (optionally including other elements); etc.

As used herein in the specification and in the claims, “or” should be understood to have the same meaning as “and/or” as defined above. For example, when separating items in a list, “or” or “and/or” shall be interpreted as being inclusive, i.e., the inclusion of at least one, but also including more than one, of a number or list of elements, and, optionally, additional unlisted items. Only terms clearly indicated to the contrary, such as “only one of” or “exactly one of,” or, when used in the claims, “consisting of,” will refer to the inclusion of exactly one element of a number or list of elements. In general, the term “or” as used herein shall only be interpreted as indicating exclusive alternatives (i.e. “one or the other but not both”) when preceded by terms of exclusivity, such as “either,” “one of,” “only one of,” or “exactly one of.” “Consisting essentially of,” when used in the claims, shall have its ordinary meaning as used in the field of patent law.

As used herein in the specification and in the claims, the phrase “at least one,” in reference to a list of one or more elements, should be understood to mean at least one element selected from any one or more of the elements in the list of elements, but not necessarily including at least one of each and every element specifically listed within the list of elements and not excluding any combinations of elements in the list of elements. This definition also allows that elements may optionally be present other than the elements specifically identified within the list of elements to which the phrase “at least one” refers, whether related or unrelated to those elements specifically identified. Thus, as a non-limiting example, “at least one of A and B” (or, equivalently, “at least one of A or B,” or, equivalently “at least one of A and/or B”) can refer, in one embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, with no B present (and optionally including elements other than B); in another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, B, with no A present (and optionally including elements other than A); in yet another embodiment, to at least one, optionally including more than one, A, and at least one, optionally including more than one, B (and optionally including other elements); etc.

In the claims, as well as in the specification above, all transitional phrases such as “comprising,” “including,” “carrying,” “having,” “containing,” “involving,” “holding,” “composed of,” and the like are to be understood to be open-ended, i.e., to mean including but not limited to. Only the transitional phrases “consisting of” and “consisting essentially of” shall be closed or semi-closed transitional phrases, respectively, as set forth in the United States Patent Office Manual of Patent Examining Procedures, Section 2111.03. 

1. An apparatus for documenting an incident at an incident site, the apparatus comprising: a communication interface; a display device; at least one user input device; a memory to store processor-executable instructions; and a processing unit communicatively coupled to the communication interface, the display device, the at least one user input device, and the memory, wherein upon execution of the processor-executable instructions by the processing unit, the processing unit: controls the communication interface to electronically receive source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; controls the display device to display at least a portion of the at least one input image; acquires first user input from the at least one user input device to provide a first representation of at least a portion of the incident at a first time on the at least one input image; generates a first marked-up digital image including the first representation based on the first user input; acquires second user input from the at least one user input device to provide a second representation of at least a portion of the incident at a second time on the at least one input image; generates a second marked-up digital image including the second representation based on the second user input; and further controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store information relating to the first and second marked-up digital images so as to document the incident at different times with respect to the geographic area.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit: acquires third user input from the at least one user input device, the third user input indicating an estimate of the first time; and further controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store the estimate of the first time in association with the information relating to the first marked-up digital image so as to document an estimated time corresponding to the first representation.
 3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing unit: acquires fourth user input from the at least one user input device, the fourth user input indicating an estimate of the second time; and further controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store the estimate of the second time in association with the information relating to the second marked-up digital image so as to document an estimated time corresponding to the second representation.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit: acquires third user input from the at least one user input device, the third user input indicating an estimate of the first time; and modifies the first marked-up digital image to include the estimate of the first time.
 5. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the processing unit: acquires fourth user input from the at least one user input device, the fourth user input indicating an estimate of the second time; and modifies the second marked-up digital image to include the estimate of the second time.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit further controls the display device to display a series of images as an animated sequence, the series of images comprising the first and second marked-up digital images.
 7. The apparatus of claim 6, wherein the processing unit: acquires third user input from the at least one user input device, the third user input indicating an estimate of the first time; acquires fourth user input from the at least one user input device, the fourth user input indicating an estimate of the second time; and controls the display device to display the first and second marked-up digital images at relative times that are based at least in part on the estimates of the first and second times.
 8. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least one input image is geo-referenced.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing unit: scales at least a portion of the first representation and/or second representation based on a scale of the at least one geo-referenced input image.
 10. The apparatus of claim 9, wherein the at least a portion of the first representation and/or second representation comprises a symbol selected from a symbol library.
 11. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the processing unit: acquires geographic location information corresponding to the incident site from a global positioning system; and acquires, based on the geographic location information, the source data representing the at least one geo-referenced input image of the geographic area including the incident site.
 12. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the at least one geo-referenced input image comprises a first geo-referenced input image, and wherein the processing unit: generates, using geo-reference data associated with the first geo-referenced input image, a second geo-referenced input image having a different perspective than the first geo-referenced input image.
 13. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the incident involves a vehicle; and the first representation comprises a representation of the vehicle.
 14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processing unit: scales the representation of the vehicle based on a scale of the at least one input image.
 15. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processing unit: selects a vehicle symbol corresponding to the vehicle from a plurality of vehicle symbols in a symbol library; and wherein the first representation comprises the selected vehicle symbol.
 16. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the processing unit: selects the vehicle symbol based on a vehicle identification number of the vehicle.
 17. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein the incident involves a vehicular incident, and wherein the processing unit: controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store a vehicular incident report including the first and second marked-up digital images.
 18. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the incident involves a personal injury, and wherein the processing unit: controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store a personal injury report including the first and second marked-up digital images.
 19. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the incident involves property damage, and wherein the processing unit: controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store a property damage report including the first and second marked-up digital images.
 20. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the incident involves police-investigated activity, and wherein the processing unit: controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store a police report including the first and second marked-up digital images.
 21. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit: controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store an incident report including the first and second marked-up digital images.
 22. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein the processing unit: controls the communication interface and/or the memory to electronically transmit and/or electronically store a descriptor file comprising: information identifying the incident report; and information identifying the first and second marked-up digital images.
 23. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit: controls the display device to display a symbol palette, the symbol palette comprising a selection of symbols for depicting objects and/or events.
 24. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the selection of symbols comprises at least one landmark symbol.
 25. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the selection of symbols comprises at least one vehicle symbol.
 26. The apparatus of claim 23, wherein the selection of symbols comprises at least one person symbol.
 27. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the processing unit: controls the display device to display a sketching palette, the sketching palette comprising a selection of renderable shapes.
 28. A method for documenting an incident at an incident site, the method comprising: A) receiving source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; B) processing the source data so as to display at least a portion of the at least one input image on a display device; C) receiving first user input via at least one user input device associated with the display device; D) processing the first user input so as to display, on the display device, a first marked-up digital image including a first representation of at least a portion of the incident at a first time on the at least one input image; E) receiving second user input via the at least one user input device; F) processing the second user input so as to display, on the display device, a second marked-up digital image including a second representation of at least a portion of the incident at a second time on the at least one input image; and G) electronically transmitting and/or electronically storing information relating to the first and second marked-up digital images so as to document the incident at different times with respect to the geographic area.
 29. At least one computer-readable medium encoded with instructions that, when executed on at least one processing unit, perform a method for documenting an incident at an incident site, the method comprising: A) receiving source data representing at least one input image of a geographic area including the incident site; B) processing the source data so as to display at least a portion of the at least one input image on a display device; C) receiving first user input via at least one user input device associated with the display device; D) processing the first user input so as to display, on the display device, a first marked-up digital image including a first representation of at least a portion of the incident at a first time on the at least one input image; E) receiving second user input via the at least one user input device; F) processing the second user input so as to display, on the display device, a second marked-up digital image including a second representation of at least a portion of the incident at a second time on the at least one input image; and G) electronically transmitting and/or electronically storing information relating to the first and second marked-up digital images so as to document the incident at different times with respect to the geographic area. 